The Mata Hari affair: Courtesan, spy, legend

Regarded the most famous female spy of all time, dancer Mata Hari had men falling at her feet but was executed for treason. Did she really betray state secrets?
- • Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was a Dutch dancer executed by France in 1917 for espionage.
- • Evidence suggests she was likely a minor contact and a scapegoat for French military failures.
- • Her legend was built on wartime propaganda and the archetype of the seductive female spy.
During World War I, Zelle used her status as a courtesan to move through elite European circles. French authorities arrested her amid wartime paranoia and executed her despite a weak evidentiary basis.
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